The ANA test detects autoantibodies that attack the nucleus of cells. These antibodies are commonly associated with autoimmune diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome. The ANA test helps in diagnosis but is not disease-specific.

• Negative ANA test: Typically, a titer of less than 1:40 is considered negative.
• Positive ANA test: A titer of 1:40 or higher is considered positive. The interpretation of positive results can vary:
  • 1:40 to 1:80: Low positive
  • 1:160 to 1:320: Moderate positive
  • 1:640 and above: High positive

• Negative Result: Indicates no significant levels of ANA are present. This generally suggests the absence of an autoimmune disorder.
• Positive Result: Indicates the presence of ANA, which could be associated with various autoimmune diseases. The pattern and titer levels can provide further insights:
  • Homogeneous (diffuse): Often associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  • Speckled: Can be associated with SLE, Sjögren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, and mixed connective tissue disease.
  • Nucleolar: Often associated with scleroderma and polymyositis.
  • Centromere: Strongly associated with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (CREST syndrome).

Blood sample (serum)