Overview

The G6PD test measures the activity of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme, which is crucial in protecting red blood cells from oxidative damage. Deficiency in this enzyme can lead to hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells), especially when exposed to certain triggers like infections, certain medications, or specific foods (e.g., fava beans).

Risk Assessment for G6PD Deficiency

• Genetic predisposition: G6PD deficiency is an X-linked recessive disorder, meaning it is more common in males.
• Ethnicity: Higher prevalence in people of African, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and South Asian descent.
• Family history: A family history of G6PD deficiency increases the risk.
• Triggers that can cause hemolysis:
  • Certain drugs (e.g., sulfonamides, antimalarials, aspirin, some antibiotics)
  • Foods like fava beans
  • Infections and illnesses
  • Exposure to strong oxidizing agents (e.g., mothballs containing naphthalene).

Normal Range

• 5.5–20.5 U/g Hb (units per gram of hemoglobin)
  (May vary slightly depending on the laboratory and method used.)

Interpretation of G6PD Test Results

• Normal enzyme activity: No G6PD deficiency.
• Mild to moderate deficiency: Partial enzyme deficiency, with possible symptoms under oxidative stress.
• Severe deficiency: High risk of hemolytic anemia in response to triggers.

Sample Type

• Blood sample (typically collected from a vein)
• EDTA or heparinized blood is commonly used for testing.