An ammonia test measures the level of ammonia in the blood. Ammonia is a waste product produced by the body during the breakdown of protein. The liver typically converts ammonia into urea, which is then excreted by the kidneys in urine. Elevated ammonia levels can indicate liver dysfunction, kidney failure, or other metabolic conditions.

• Patient Risks: Blood collection is minimally invasive, but some patients may experience discomfort, bruising, or fainting during or after the procedure.
• Handling and Processing Risks: Ammonia levels are sensitive to handling. Blood must be processed quickly to avoid false results. Delays, improper storage, or failure to use appropriate anticoagulants can result in inaccurate readings.

• Adults: 15-45 µg/dL (11-32 µmol/L)
• Children: 40-80 µg/dL (29-57 µmol/L)
• Newborns: 90-150 µg/dL (64-107 µmol/L)

• High Ammonia Levels: Elevated levels may indicate liver disease (such as cirrhosis or hepatitis), kidney failure, Reye's syndrome, or certain genetic metabolic disorders. High levels can also occur in conditions that cause the body to break down proteins excessively, such as severe infections or gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Low Ammonia Levels: Rare and not typically a cause for concern but may be seen in hyperammonemia due to urea cycle defects where the body's ammonia processing is impaired.

• Specimen: Venous blood is the primary sample type used for ammonia testing.
• Collection: Blood should be collected into a tube with EDTA as an anticoagulant and placed on ice immediately to prevent the breakdown of ammonia, which could lead to falsely low levels.