Overview:
The Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) test measures the level of hCG hormone in blood or urine. hCG is produced during pregnancy by the placenta and can also be elevated in certain medical conditions. The test is used for pregnancy detection, monitoring pregnancy progression, and as a tumor marker in some cancers.

Risk Assessment:

• Pregnancy-related: Confirms pregnancy, detects ectopic or molar pregnancy, monitors viability and gestational age.

• Non-pregnancy causes: Certain tumors (e.g., germ cell tumors, trophoblastic disease).

• Risks of the test: Minimal; involves routine blood draw or urine collection.

Normal Range (Blood β-hCG):

• Non-pregnant women: < 5 mIU/mL

• Postmenopausal women: < 9 mIU/mL

• Pregnancy: Varies by gestational age (rapid rise in first trimester).

Interpretation:

• High β-hCG: Normal pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, molar pregnancy, certain cancers.

• Low or declining β-hCG: Miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, non-viable pregnancy.

• Serial measurements help track pregnancy progression or tumor response to treatment.

Sample Type:

• Blood (serum) – preferred for quantitative results.

• Urine – common for qualitative pregnancy tests.