Overview:

CYFRA 21-1 is a tumor marker used primarily for assessing lung cancer. It is a fragment of the protein cytokeratin 19, which is found in the epithelial cells of many tissues, including lung tissue. Elevated levels of CYFRA 21-1 are associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially squamous cell carcinoma, but can also be elevated in other cancers and conditions.

Risk Assessment:

• Lung Cancer: Elevated CYFRA 21-1 levels are commonly seen in individuals with lung cancer, particularly NSCLC and squamous cell carcinoma.
• Other Cancers: Although it is primarily associated with lung cancer, CYFRA 21-1 can also be elevated in cancers of the head and neck, bladder, and certain gastrointestinal cancers.
• Non-cancerous Conditions: It may also be raised in non-cancerous conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, and certain infections.

Normal Range:

• The normal range for CYFRA 21-1 typically falls between 0 to 3 ng/mL. However, reference ranges may vary slightly depending on the laboratory, so it is essential to consult with the specific lab's range for accurate interpretation.

Interpretation of Results:

• Elevated Levels:
  • Indicative of potential malignancy, especially in people with a history or symptoms suggestive of lung cancer.
  • High levels of CYFRA 21-1 are often seen in patients with advanced lung cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma.
  • In non-cancerous conditions, elevated levels can be a result of chronic lung disease or infection.
• Normal or Low Levels:
  • In healthy individuals, CYFRA 21-1 is typically low or undetectable.
  • A low or normal level does not rule out the presence of lung cancer, as this marker is not sensitive for all types of lung cancer.

Sample Type:

• Blood (Serum or Plasma): CYFRA 21-1 is usually measured in blood samples. Serum or plasma is collected via a routine blood draw.