Severe hepatic impairment, jaundice or persistent itching during a previous pregnancy, Dubin-Johnson syndrome, Rotor syndrome, previous or existing liver tumours. Personal or family history of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Risk factors for VTE. Sickle-cell anaemia, severe DM with vascular changes, lipid metabolism disorders, undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding, history of herpes gestationis, worsening of otosclerosis during pregnancy. Exisiting or history of mammary or endometrial carcinoma. Pregnancy.