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Diphedan
Ambee Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Generic: Phenytoin
Safety Advices
বাংলা
English
UNSAFE
It is unsafe to consume alcohol with Diphedan.
CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR
Diphedan is unsafe to use during pregnancy as there is definite evidence of risk to the developing baby. However, the doctor may rarely prescribe it in some life-threatening situations if the benefits are more than the potential risks. Please consult your doctor.
SAFE IF PRESCRIBED
Diphedan is safe to use during breastfeeding. Human studies suggest that the drug does not pass into the breastmilk in a significant amount and is not harmful to the baby.
Please consult your doctor.
UNSAFE
Diphedan may decrease alertness, affect your vision or make you feel sleepy and dizzy. Do not drive if these symptoms occur.
CAUTION
Diphedan should be used with caution in patients with kidney disease. Dose adjustment of Diphedan may be needed. Please consult your doctor.
CAUTION
Diphedan should be used with caution in patients with liver disease. Dose adjustment of Diphedan may be needed. Please consult your doctor.
Medicine Overview of Diphedan 60mg/5ml Suspension
Introduction
Diphedan is a prescription medicine used to treat and prevent epilepsy (seizures). It controls seizures by decreasing the abnormal and excessive activity of the nerve cells in the brain. Diphedan can be used alone or in combination with other medicines. It may be taken with or without food. Your doctor will decide the correct dose for you. This may increase gradually until your condition is stable. This medicine may take several weeks to work but it is important to take it regularly to get the benefit. Do not stop taking it, even if you feel fine, unless your doctor advises...
... Show moreUses of Diphedan
- Epilepsy/Seizures
Side effects of Diphedan
Common
- Rash
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Vomiting
- Nausea
- Slurred speech
- Vertigo
- Confusion
- Nervousness
- Constipation
- Tremor
- Altered walking
How to use Diphedan
Take this medicine in the dose and duration as advised by your doctor. Swallow it as a whole. Do not chew, crush or break it. Diphedan may be taken with or without food, but it is better to take it at a fixed time.
How Diphedan works
Diphedan is an antiepileptic medication. It controls seizures or fits by decreasing the abnormal and excessive activity of the nerve cells in the brain.
Quick Tips
- Take your medication regularly as directed by your doctor as missing doses can trigger seizures.
- Do not change the brand of your medicine and make sure that you have sufficient amount of medicine present with you.
- Some healthy tips to prevent seizures:
- It may cause dizziness and sleepiness. Do not drive or do anything that requires mental focus until you know how it affects you.
- It may increase blood sugar levels. Inform your doctor if you are taking any medicines to treat diabetes.
- It may cause swollen gum (gum hypertrophy), hence take care of oral or dental hygiene.
- Talk to your doctor if you notice sudden mood changes or develop suicidal thoughts.
- Do not stop taking the medication suddenly without talking to your doctor as it may increase the seizure frequency.
Brief Description
Indication
Epilepsy, Tonic-clonic status epilepticus
Administration
Should be taken with food. When administering to patients on nasogastric or other enteral feeds, do not administer feeds 2 hr before or after a dose. Be consistent throughout therapy in relation to feed times. Do not switch dosage forms/brands w/o prior consideration.
Adult Dose
Oral
Epilepsy
Adult: Initially, 3-4 mg/kg daily as single dose or in divided doses.
Alternatively, 150-300 mg daily increased gradually to 600 mg daily if necessary. Maintenance: 200-500 mg daily.
Child Dose
Oral
Control of Tonic-Clonic and Complex Partial Seizures
Initial dosage
Neonates: 5 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses
Child: 6 months to 16 years: 5 mg/kg/day in 2-3 divided doses
Neonates (<28 days)
Initial: 5-8 mg/kg/day PO divided q8-12hr
Age-based maintenance dose
6 months-4 years: Usual range, 8-10 mg/kg/day PO divided two to three times daily
4-7 years: Usual range, 7.5-9 mg/kg/day PO divided two to three times daily
7-10 years: Usual range, 7-8 mg/kg/day IPO divided two to three times daily
10-16 years: Usual range, 6-7 mg/kg/day PO divided two to three times daily
Contraindication
Pregnancy.
Mode of Action
Phenytoin acts as an anticonvulsant by increasing efflux or decreasing influx of sodium ions across cell membranes in the motor cortex during generation of nerve impulses; thus stabilising neuronal membranes and decreasing seizure activity. It acts as an antiarrhythmic by extending the effective refractory period and suppressing ventricular pacemaker automaticity, shortening action potential in the heart.
Precaution
Cardiovascular disease, e.g. sinus bradycardia, heart blocks; DM; hepatic impairment; hypoalbuminemia; porphyria; seizures (may increase frequency of petit mal seizures); debilitated patients; elderly. Caution in IV admin in hypotension, heart failure or MI, monitor BP and ECG during therapy. IV must be given slowly (too rapid admin may cause hypotension, CNS depression, cardiac arrhythmias and impaired heart conduction). Extravasation and intra-arterial admin must be avoided. Do not discontinue abruptly (may increase seizure frequency), unless safety concerns require a more rapid withdrawal. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery.
Lactation: Excreted in breast milk; not recommended
Side Effect
Hypersensitivity, lack of appetite, headache, dizziness, tremor, transient nervousness, insomnia, GI disturbances (e.g. nausea, vomiting, constipation), tenderness and hyperplasia of the gums, acne, hirsutism, coarsening of the facial features, rashes, osteomalacia. Phenytoin toxicity as manifested as a syndrome of cerebellar, vestibular, ocular effects, notably nystagmus, diplopia, slurred speech, and ataxia; also with mental confusion, dyskinesias, exacerbations of seizure frequency, hyperglycaemia. Solutions for inj may cause local irritation or phlebitis. Prolonged use may produce subtle effects on mental function and cognition, especially in children.
Potentially Fatal: Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Interaction
Effects with other sedative drugs or ethanol may be potentiated. Enhances toxic effects of paracetamol, lithium. Increased risk of osteomalacia with acetazolamide. Decreased serum levels/effects with acyclovir, antineoplastics, benzodiazeines, ciprofloxacin, CYP2C9 inducers (e.g. carbamazepine), CYP2C19 inducers (e.g. rifampin), folic acid, vigabatrin. Increased serum concentrations with allopurinol, capecitabine, cimetidine, CYP2C9 inhibitors (e.g. fluconazole), CYP2C19 inhibitors (e.g. delavirdine), disulfiram, methylphenidate, metronidazole, omeprazole, SSRI, trazodone, trimethoprim. Increases metabolism of antiarrhythmics, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, chloramphenicol, corticosteroids, doxycycline, oestrogens, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, methadone, theophylline, TCAs. Decreases levels/effects of clozapine, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, CYP2B6 substrates (e.g. bupropion, selegiline), CYP2C8 substrates (e.g. amiodarone), CYP2C9 substrates...
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