The SGPT (Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase) test, also known as the Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) test, measures the level of ALT enzyme in the blood. ALT is primarily found in the liver and plays a key role in metabolizing proteins.

Key points:

• Purpose: The test is used to evaluate liver function and detect liver damage or disease, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or fatty liver disease.

• Sample: A blood sample is required.

• Normal range: Typically 7 to 56 units per liter (U/L), but the range may vary depending on the lab.

• High levels: Elevated ALT levels often indicate liver damage or inflammation, as the enzyme is released into the bloodstream when liver cells are damaged.

• Low levels: ALT levels that are low or within the normal range are generally not concerning and are typical in healthy individuals.

This test is often ordered alongside other liver function tests, such as AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase), to get a broader understanding of liver health.

Risk Assessment / Why It’s Done:

• To detect liver damage or disease

• Monitor liver conditions such as hepatitis or fatty liver

• Evaluate effects of medications that may harm the liver

• Screen for asymptomatic liver disease in at-risk individuals

Normal Range

• Men: 10–40 U/L
• Women: 7–35 U/L
• Children: 7–55 U/L
  (Normal ranges can vary slightly between labs.)

Interpretation

• Normal ALT: Suggests healthy liver function.
• Mild Elevation (40–80 U/L): Could indicate non-serious or early-stage liver damage (e.g., fatty liver).
• Significant Elevation (>100 U/L): Suggests acute or severe liver injury (e.g., hepatitis, drug toxicity).
• Severe Elevation (>500 U/L): Often indicates acute liver failure, infection, or severe injury.

Sample Type

• Specimen: Blood serum.
• Collection Method: A small blood sample drawn from a vein, typically in the arm.
• Preparation: Fasting may be required based on additional tests ordered alongside ALT.