Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) – A common cause of androgen excess in women.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) – A genetic disorder causing enzyme deficiencies, leading to excessive androgen production.
Adrenal tumors or adrenal hyperplasia – Overproduction of adrenal androgens.
Ovarian tumors – In women, some ovarian tumors produce excess androgens.
Cushing's syndrome – Excess cortisol production, which can lead to increased androgens.

Adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease) – A condition where the adrenal glands fail to produce enough hormones.
Hypopituitarism – A disorder causing reduced hormone production from the pituitary gland.
Certain enzyme deficiencies – Such as 17α-hydroxylase deficiency, affecting steroid hormone synthesis.