Purpose: The test is primarily used to diagnose acute or recent infections with Hepatitis E virus. IgM antibodies are produced by the body in response to a recent infection, typically appearing within a few weeks after exposure.

Specimen: The test requires a blood sample, usually obtained through venipuncture (drawing blood from a vein in your arm).

Indications for Testing:

Symptoms: It is recommended when a person shows symptoms of acute hepatitis, such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), fatigue, abdominal pain, and nausea.
Exposure: Testing may also be considered if there has been recent exposure to HEV or in outbreaks of hepatitis E.

Interpretation:

A positive Anti-HEV IgM result suggests recent or ongoing infection with Hepatitis E virus.
A negative result may indicate no current infection or that the test was conducted too early in the infection for antibodies to be detectable.

Limitations:

Timing: IgM antibodies can be detectable shortly after infection but may decline over time. Thus, timing of the test is crucial.
Cross-reactivity: There can be cross-reactivity with other viruses, leading to false positives.

Clinical Utility:

Helps confirm acute hepatitis E infection, especially in regions where HEV is endemic or during outbreaks.
Provides guidance for patient management and infection control measures.