Overview

The myoglobin test measures the level of myoglobin in the blood or urine. Myoglobin is a protein found in heart and skeletal muscles that binds oxygen. When muscle damage occurs, myoglobin is released into the bloodstream and can be detected through this test.

This test done:

• To detect muscle injury or conditions like rhabdomyolysis
• As an early marker for heart attacks (though not commonly used today)
• To evaluate kidney damage due to muscle breakdown.

Risk Assessment

A high myoglobin level may indicate:
✔️ Heart-related issues – Heart attack (myocardial infarction), myocarditis
✔️ Muscle damage – Rhabdomyolysis, muscular dystrophy, trauma
✔️ Kidney damage – Myoglobinuria (excess myoglobin in urine can lead to kidney failure)
✔️ Other conditions – Sepsis, strenuous exercise, burns

A low myoglobin level is not typically concerning but may be seen in conditions like polymyositis or autoimmune diseases.

Normal Range

• Blood: 25–72 ng/mL (may vary slightly by lab)
• Urine: Usually undetectable or very low levels.

Interpretation of Results

High Myoglobin Levels – May suggest recent muscle injury, heart attack, or muscle breakdown
Normal Myoglobin Levels – No significant muscle damage
Low Myoglobin Levels – Rare, but can be associated with chronic muscle conditions.

Sample Type

• Blood Sample: Drawn from a vein (serum or plasma)
• Urine Sample: Random or 24-hour urine collection.