A Serum Electrolyte Test measures the levels of key electrolytes in the blood. Electrolytes are minerals that help regulate various bodily functions, including fluid balance, muscle function, and nerve signaling.

Key Electrolytes Tested:

1. Sodium (Na+): Helps regulate fluid balance and blood pressure.
2. Potassium (K+): Essential for muscle function and nerve transmission.
3. Chloride (Cl-): Works with sodium to maintain fluid balance.
4. Bicarbonate (HCO3-): Helps maintain acid-base balance.
5. Calcium (Ca2+): Important for bone health, muscle function, and nerve signaling.
6. Magnesium (Mg2+): Involved in muscle function, energy production, and nerve signaling.

Cardiovascular disorders, Kidney disorders, Seizures

Normal Range (may vary slightly based on lab and individual factors):

• Sodium (Na+): 135–145 mmol/L
• Potassium (K+): 3.5–5.0 mmol/L
• Chloride (Cl-): 98–107 mmol/L
• Bicarbonate (HCO3-): 22–30 mmol/L
• Calcium (Ca2+): 8.5–10.5 mg/dL
• Magnesium (Mg2+): 1.5–2.5 mg/dL

Interpretation:

• Low Sodium (Hyponatremia): Can result from dehydration, kidney disease, or excessive fluid intake.
• High Sodium (Hypernatremia): Often due to dehydration or kidney issues.
• Low Potassium (Hypokalemia): May be caused by vomiting, diarrhea, or the use of certain diuretics.
• High Potassium (Hyperkalemia): Can indicate kidney failure or excessive intake of potassium supplements.
• Low Calcium (Hypocalcemia): Can result from vitamin D deficiency, kidney disease, or low magnesium levels.
• High Calcium (Hypercalcemia): Often seen in conditions like hyperparathyroidism or cancer.
• Low Magnesium (Hypomagnesemia): May result from malnutrition, alcoholism, or diarrhea.
• High Magnesium (Hypermagnesemia): Often associated with kidney disease or excessive supplementation.

Sample:Blood